Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system reacts
abnormally to gluten - a protein found in wheat, barley and rye.

When someone with coeliac disease consumes gluten, their immune system “attacks” the lining of the small intestine, leading to inflammation and damage to the villi in the gut, the tiny finger-like projections responsible for nutrient absorption.

Over time, this can result in significant nutritional deficiencies and a wide range of symptoms.

Symptoms of Coeliac Disease

Coeliac disease can present in many different ways, which is why it’s often underdiagnosed. Classic digestive symptoms include bloating, diarrhoea, abdominal pain and weight loss.

However, many people experience non-digestive symptoms such as fatigue, iron deficiency anaemia, brain fog, headaches, mouth ulcers and skin rashes, notably dermatitis herpetiformis.

Some people may have no symptoms at all and its only picked up when nutritional deficiencies are detected on routine blood tests.

Image credit: DermNet NZ
Source: Dermatitis Herpetiformis
https://dermnetnz.org/topics/dermatitis-herpetiformis

Risk Factors for Coeliac Disease

You are more likely to develop coeliac disease if you have a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) with the condition. It is also more common in people with other autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes or autoimmune thyroid disease. 

Genetic factors play a role, particularly the presence of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 genes, although having these genes does not guarantee that someone will develop the condition.

Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease

If coeliac disease is suspected, it’s essential to continue eating gluten until testing is complete. Removing gluten prematurely can lead to false-negative results.

Initial screening usually involves blood tests that look for specific antibodies, such as tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA).

If these are positive, a referral for an endoscopy with small bowel biopsy is often recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment for Coeliac Disease

The only effective treatment for coeliac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This means completely avoiding all sources of wheat, barley and rye, as well as being mindful of cross-contamination. Even small amounts of gluten can trigger symptoms and cause intestinal damage.

Choosing foods that carry recognised gluten-free certification, such as the crossed grain symbol, can provide reassurance that products meet strict safety standards.

Supplements and Nutritional Support for Coeliac Disease

Due to poor absorption of nutrients from the gut, people with coeliac disease are at risk of deficiencies.

Common deficiencies include iron, vitamin B12, folate, calcium and vitamin D. Supplementation may be recommended based on individual blood results.

Vitamin B12 and folate: For energy levels, neurological and immune function - See Vitamin B12

Vitamin D: To support bone health and maintain normal calcium levels, as coeliac disease can increase the risk of osteoporosis. Vitamin D also supports a normal immune system - See Vitamin D Capsules & Vitamin D3 Spray

Omega-3 fatty acids: To support brain, heart, gut, skin and hair health - See Omega-3

Final Thoughts

Coeliac disease is a serious but manageable condition. With the right diagnosis,
education and dietary adjustments, most people can make a full recovery and lead healthy, symptom-free lives.

Gluten-Free Supplements You Can Trust

All of our products are gluten free and coeliac safe. You’ll find the crossed grain symbol on all of our collagen products which are available to buy online or in store at The Coeliac Society of Ireland.

Dr. Doireann O'Leary
Founder, Supplements Made Simple

 

FAQ Section

What is coeliac disease?

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition where the body reacts to gluten, causing damage to the small intestine.

What are the symptoms of coeliac disease?

Symptoms include bloating, diarrhoea, fatigue, anaemia, brain fog, headaches and skin rashes.

How is coeliac disease diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves blood tests for antibodies and confirmation via endoscopy and biopsy.

Can coeliac disease be cured?

There is no cure, but it can be effectively managed with a strict gluten-free diet.

Do people with coeliac disease need supplements?

Some individuals may require supplements such as vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron or omega-3 depending on deficiencies.